Tuesday, May 20, 2014

Review: Lives on the Boundary: A Moving Account of the Struggles and Achievements of America’s Educationally Underprepared

Charlin Bailey
Professor Barbara Gleason
ENGL C0865 2TU Adult Learners of Language & Literacy
May 20th, 2014
Review: Lives on the Boundary: A Moving Account of the Struggles and Achievements of America’s Educationally Underprepared


Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary: A Moving Account of the Struggles and Achievements of America’s Educationally Underprepared. New York: Penguin Books, 1989. Print.


In Lives on the Boundary: A Moving Account of the Struggles and Achievements of America’s Educationally Underprepared (1989) by Mike Rose.  Rose uses the genre of memoir to present his argument that the educational system fails to prepare students for the world. Rose believes that the education system should be blamed for students being unable to function in their current educational system. Rose suggests that much of the conflict that exists between educational institutes and society is due to a lack of diversity in the education system. In the first half of the book, Rose presents a memoir of his life and recounts his personal challenges as a child in school. He presents the struggles he faced after being “written off”, as he states in his 1998 interview with Bill Moyer about his book, Lives on the Boundary. In the interview, as well as in his book, Rose reflects on his personal struggle within a curriculum that to him seemed to be designed to prevent him from academic success. In the second half of the book, Rose looks at the educational system from the viewpoints of a tutor and an educator. He recounts his journey through the educational system and its impact on his students. He reflects on the lives of the students he met on his journey to becoming an educator, as well as the lessons he learned during this process.
            Mike Rose is from a working-class family of Italian immigrants. He was raised in a poor neighborhood in South Las Angeles. He attended schools that had low expectations of his success. He was lost within the educational system and labeled as ‘remedial’ because of a mix up of test scores of another student. This blunder allowed him to be placed in a vocational classroom. Rose became part of the underprivileged students, within the education system.  It was not until he was rescued from this system that he was able to overcome the limitations set upon him by education. His teachers allowed him to have “liberal education” (58), He was finally able to see himself as being able to succeed. He was taught to critically think.
Throughout the book, the key problem of the education system that Rose acknowledges is that students are underprepared. One of the main reasons that he mentions for this lack of student preparation, is that education is not open to all. In his interview with Bill Moyer, Rose mentions the “power of invitation” within the educational system (YouTube). Rose believes that it is the teachers’ duty to invite student into education by engaging them in the world of new ideas. In the chapter “Reclaiming the Classroom,” he looks at the struggles of veteran students trying to excel within the remedial classroom. In this chapter he looks at the content and curriculum of the class as being one of the key reasons as to why the students were not excelling, as well as the stigma that goes with the title, remedial, and its effect on the students’ labeled. Rose viewed the process of teaching the students through the traditional way of grammar drills to be outdated and ineffective for producing critical literacy. He believes that instructors need to “think critically about the crucial transition into college, what it is that students need to meet the intellectual demands the freshman year makes of them” (165). This allows these students to think critically of their purpose within the classroom and promotes success. In the classroom of the Veteran students rose states that “education had the power to equalize things” (137), Rose recognizes that each student comes to the classroom for different reason and it is up to the educator and the system to stimulate students’ interest.
He further suggests, in the chapter he titles “The Politics of Remediation”, that along with additional support, students need to be exposed to different types of writing and reading early in their education. They need to cultivate skills beyond summarization and memorization and be introduced to critical literacy.  Rose suggests that students need to think critically and gain confidence in themselves, while immerging them in reading and writing. Rose states:

Many young People come to the university able to summarize the events in a new story or write a personal response to a play or a movie or give back what a teacher said straightforward lecture. But they have considerable trouble with what has come to be called critical literacy: framing and argument or taking someone else’s argument apart, systematically inspecting a document, and issue, or an event, synthesizing different points of view, applying a theory to disparate phenomena (188).
Rose speaks out against traditional educational methodologies and recommend that educators remain constantly vigilant about the ways in which they see class and culture and how their beliefs may restrict their point of views.
What Mike Rose did in his memoir was brilliant. He has managed to create a piece of work that can transcend through different levels of understanding within the educational system. Rose has written a manuscript of awakening within the educational system. In this book he is able to actively speak and view all sides of education, from the point of view of a student of a working class immigrant household, as a learning tutor, and as a developing teacher.  This work encourages readers to rethink personal experiences within their educational system, as well as advises future educators to consider different teaching strategies to encourage their students. The placement of is personal experience at the beginning of the book allows readers to have a fluid read, yet allowing us to critically think about the meaning of what is being said. Each chapter’s title represents a different transformation within the educational system. A transformation that the readers are able to see as it happens. Mike Rose’s 20 plus years as an educator is apparent throughout the text. His constant growth from chapter to chapter is evident in his analysis and change of approach for each set of students he has. In the final chapter entitled “Crossing Boundaries” Rose acknowledges that:
Class and culture erect boundaries that hinder our visions— blind us to the logic of error and he evepresent stiffing of language— and encourage the designation of otherness, difference, deficiency and the longer [he] stay in education, the clearer it becomes to [him] that some of our basic orientations toward the teaching and testing of literacy contribute to our inability to see. To truly educate in America, then, to reach the full sweep of our citizenry, we need to question received perception, shift continually from the standard lens [he goes on to state that] the . . . stories that bring this book to its close encourage us to sit close by as people use language and consider, as we listen, the orientation that limit our field of vision. (205)
In his analysis Rose illustrates his acknowledgement of the problem of why students’ are underprepared. He goes on to suggest a solution for the problem that exist. This analysis bares reference to the Freirian approach of problem posing education in Paulo Freire’s book the Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Freirie believes that the only way to be liberated from the banking education system is for a learner to accept that they are being oppressed. This leads to what he calls a “democratic proposal of problem posing education” (Freire 61). Rose’s analysis of the educational system draws reference, through modernized interpretation, from several noted scholars, such as, Paulo Freire. Rose’s description of the “canonical approach to education” (237) mirrors Friere’s theory of the “banking system” (Freire 98). Rose states,
If you’re a working-class kid in the vocational track, the options you’ll have to deal with this will be constrained in certain ways: You’re defined by your school as “slow”; you’re place in a curriculum that isn’t designed to liberate you but to occupy you, or, if you’re lucky, train you, though the training is for work the society does not esteem” (Rose 28). His analysis references Feire’s banking system in that the student’s learning is limited to only receiving, filing, and storing the deposits or information learned. The learners become collectors or cataloguers of the things they store, but do not have the opportunity to use the knowledge learned to change their situations.
            In My Opinion Mike Rose accomplished the task of informing his reader about the failure of the educational system to prepare students to succeed. He does this through the lenses of students’ both in his personal experience and observation of his students; through reflection as a tutor, and as an educator. The different lenses the Rose uses allows his reader to understand the nature of development in literacy. He also allows educational professionals to learn about the educational point of view of the students. Rose does not give evidence, such as data, to support his point, but rather through anecdotal evidence, allowing his readers to analyze and deconstruct the observations he puts forth. Rose’s argument develops through every chapter and supports the overall idea of a lack of readiness of students and the importance of a solution.
 Despite the lack of actual data, such as how Deborah Brant in her book Literacy in American Lives, using factual evidence, such as census and analysis to illustrate that literacy skills equate resources for business.  Rose way of writing allows the book to be more widely understood. Unlike Brant, who does give facts, but limits her audience, Rose because of the genre he chose to write allows it to be more accessible to students and educators. I would recommend this book to all educators and students.



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